Day Program

Statement of Purpose

The General Education curriculum at Dominican fosters the development of the skills, knowledge, and moral character essential to lifelong learning and a rich and satisfying life. It does this by 1) opening students to the main areas of knowledge, 2) engaging them in the persistent practice of logical and critical thinking, expository writing and effective speaking, and 3) encouraging them to deepen their awareness of the aesthetic, moral, and spiritual dimensions of existence.

Student Learning Outcomes for General Education

When a student has completed the General Education Program s/he will be able to demonstrate:

1. An understanding of, and the connections among, selected liberal arts disciplines.
2. The ability to access information and critically analyze, synthesize, and apply knowledge in written and oral form.
3. The ability to express awareness of the aesthetic, moral, and spiritual dimensions of existence.

Day Program General Education Overview

Component Name	Type	Units
Computer Applications Competency	Matriculation Requirement	0
First Year Foundations (FYF)	Interdisciplinary	6
Expository Writing and Advanced Writing and Research	Skill	3 3
Information and Research	Skill	1
Speech and Rhetoric	Skill	3
Mathematical Thinking and Quantitative Reasoning	Skill	3-4
Social Science	Knowledge Area	3
Natural Science	Knowledge Area	3-4
Creative and Performing Arts	Knowledge Area/Skill	3
Moral Philosophy/ Ethics	Knowledge Area	3
Religion	Knowledge Area	6
Cultural Heritage Colloquium	Interdisciplinary	9
Total Units		46-48

For General Education requirements for Pathways students, see Pathways General Education section.

The General Education requirements are organized around thirteen categories that develop specific academic skills and/or examine content knowledge. The number of units required for students in each category is indicated above. There may be variations in requirements for transfer students as explained in the text below.

Courses within one discipline, which satisfy both General Education requirements and requirements in a student's major, may be counted for both up to a maximum of six units, exclusive of courses in the Colloquium which may also count in the major.

1. Computer Software Applications Competency (matriculation requirement)

This is a matriculation requirement of all entering students, including transfer students, Pathways students, and second bachelor's degree students. In order to meet classroom expectations regarding computer competency, all students are required to show basic computer literacy in the following areas: use and navigation of the Windows Operating System; use of Microsoft Word at a basic skill level; use of PowerPoint to a basic skill level; use of e-mail to send, receive, attach, and organize correspondence/files; and the ability to access the Internet to conduct basic searches, navigation to sites, etc.

Computer Skills Placement Policy:
See Proficiency/Placement Examinations section of this Catalog.

Special Conditions for Transfer Students:

Prior to attending Dominican University of California, passing courses comparable to all of the following at a 'C' (2.0) level or better:

1. Introductory Computer Literacy or MS Windows
2. MS Word
3. Introductory Internet/e-mail course
4. MS PowerPoint

Course that Fulfills the Requirement:

COMM 1641: Computer Skills and Applications I (1.5 units). This course may be taken if a student does not pass the placement test.

2. First Year Foundations (FYF) (6 units)

During the first year at Dominican University of California students are asked to explore the significance of a liberal arts education to their own life and the life of society. Students will deepen their comprehension of the breadth and depth of human intellectual and creative expression in the arts, history, literature, music, philosophy, science or anthropology. The courses comprising FYF are globally informed, historically contextualized introductions to fundamental themes within the history of arts, ideas, and human culture formation.

First Year Foundation Curriculum: The FYF requirement includes 6 units and is to be completed during the first year at Dominican. Everyone is required to enroll in ARTH 1000: Art and Society (2 units). The remaining 4 units are selected from the additional First Year Foundation course options in the fall or spring term. Students may enroll in a maximum of 4 units of FYF during the fall term. Note: Nursing and Occupational Therapy students must complete SCS 1005: Human Cultures and ARTH 1000 with the remaining 2 units selected from the additional First Year Foundation course options.

Special Conditions for Transfer Students:

1. Students transferring 12 or more units of applicable and transferable coursework prior to matriculation require 4 units of FYF requirement (not 6) during their first semester at Dominican. One of these classes must be ARTH 1000: Art and Society (2 units). Nursing and Occupational Therapy students must also complete SCS 1005: Human Cultures.
2. Students transferring 24 or more units of applicable and transferable coursework prior to matriculation are exempt from the entire FYF.

Student Learning Outcomes:

The FYF student will demonstrate the ability to:

1. Identify and compare the values (social, political, religious, artistic, intellectual) of different cultures through the study of the arts produced by them.
2. Identify and analyze two of the following:
   1. Two or more significant historical events, each through more than one historical source.
   2. Two or more significant pieces and/or styles of music, dance, or theater in their historical/cultural contexts.
   3. Two or more significant philosophical works in their historical/cultural contexts.
   4. Two or more significant literary works and/or genres in their historical/cultural contexts.
   5. Two or more significant scientific discoveries and/or the life and work of two or more great scientists.
   6. Two or more non-Western cultural systems.

Courses that Fulfill the Requirement:
ARTH 1000: Art and Society (2 units) Required of all students transferring 0-23 units of applicable and transferable coursework prior to matriculation.

Students requiring 4 more units select 2 courses from those listed below.

Students requiring 2 more units select 1 course from those listed below.

• BIO 1200: Science and Society (2 units)
• ENGL 1000: Classics of World Literature (2 units)
• HIST 1000: Eyewitness to History (2 units)
• MUS 1008: The World of the Performing Arts: Music, Dance or Theater (2 units)
• PHIL 1000: Classics of World Philosophy (2 units)
• SCS 1005: Human Cultures (2 units)
  
  

3. Expository Writing (3 units)

Writing of expository essays. Emphasis on essay writing, including essay structure, thesis idea, relation between thesis and rhetorical modes, e.g., process-analysis, illustration, persuasion, comparison and contrast, as well as style and correctness.

English Placement Policy:
See Proficiency/Placement Examinations section of this Catalog.

Special Conditions for Transfer Students:

1. Students who have passed a 3-unit university-level writing course (comparable to ENGL 1004: Expository Writing) with a 'C' (2.0) or higher or have received a passing score on the English Composition College Level Examination Program (CLEP) test enroll in ENGL 3200: Advanced Writing and Research. (CLEP tests may used only if taken prior to matriculation.)
2. Transfer students who have not passed a 3-unit university-level writing course (comparable to ENGL 1004: Expository Writing) with a 'C' (2.0) or higher must take the English Placement Exam. Depending on their demonstrated writing skill and the consequent proficiency assessment, students are assigned to ENGL 1001/ENGL 1002: English as a Second Language (4 units each semester), ENGL 1003: Developmental Writing, or ENGL 1004: Expository Writing, unless a student places into ENGL 1004 Honors on the English Placement exam. Placing into ENGL 1004 Honors allows the transfer student the option of meeting the Expository Writing requirement by passing the CLEP test.  The student is then eligible to advance into ENGL 3200: Advanced Writing & Research. Students who have passed two 3-unit university-level writing courses (comparable to ENGL 1004 and ENGL 3200, as approved by Dominican), each with a 'C' (2.0) or higher, have met the GE writing requirement. The two courses transferred in may be lower and/or upper division.
3. Students who have previously completed their BA, or comparable degree, have met the GE writing requirement.
4. Students are subject to the English Placement policy in effect at the time they matriculate.
5. If a student has transferred in a course comparable to ENGL 3200, they must still fulfill the requirement RES 2000: Information and Research.

Course that Fulfills the Requirement:
ENGL 1004: Expository Writing (3 units) or its equivalent with a grade of 'C' (2.0) or better.

Student Learning Outcomes:

The student will demonstrate the ability to construct expository essays that include:

1. A specific, debatable thesis.
2. Relevant and cogent supporting evidence.
3. Logical and coherent organization, including appropriate paragraphing and transitions.
4. Appropriate word choice and correctness in spelling, grammar, mechanics, and punctuation.
   
   

4. Advanced Writing and Research (3 units)

Practice of research writing and critical thinking. Building on basic skill in expository writing, with emphasis on research writing and critical thinking.

English Placement Policy:
See Proficiency/Placement Examinations section of this Catalog.

Special Conditions for Transfer Students:
See Special Conditions for Transfers Students under Expository Writing requirement section above.

GE Prerequisites:
ENGL 1004: Expository Writing or its equivalent. Passing the Computer Competency Assessment test or passing COMM 1641: Computer Skills and Applications I, with a ‘C’ (2.0) or better and RES 2000 : Information & Research – Concepts and Techniques (1 unit) with a ‘C’ (2.0) or better.  RES 2000 may also be taken as a corequisite.

Course that Fulfills the Requirement:
ENGL 3200: Advanced Writing and Research (3 units) with a grade of 'C' (2.0) or better.
ENGL 3442: Critical Inquiry and Reflective Writing (3 units) with a grade of ‘C’ (2.0 or better. (Pathways students only). These courses may not be challenged.

Required Corequisite Course:
RES 2000: Information and Research – Concepts and Techniques (1 unit) may be taken as a corequisite with ENGL 3200: Advanced Writing and Research and ENGL 3442: Critical Inquiry and Reflective Writing.  ENGL 3200 and ENGL 3442 assume the skill obtained in RES 2000 which must be passed with a ‘C’ (2.0) or better. It is recommended that RES 2000 be taken during the freshman year or, for transfer students, during the first semester at Dominican.

Student Learning Outcomes:

The student will demonstrate the ability to construct expository essays that:

1. Show continuing competency in the Student Learning Outcomes of ENGL 1004: Expository Writing.
2. Utilize appropriate research methods and information sources.
3. Are based on the elements of critical thinking, e.g., purpose, question at issue, point of view, concepts, information.
4. Include standard documentation, such as APA, MLA, or Turabian.
   
   

5. Information and Research: Concepts and Techniques (1 unit)

During the first year students are asked to obtain information literacy skills useful in all subsequent coursework.  This requirement develops expertise in determining information needs, selecting and critically evaluating information resources, and gaining awareness of ethical information use. Students also consider how a society organizes and distributes information.

GE Prerequisite:

Passing the Computer Competency Assessment test or passing COMM 1641: Computer Skills and Applications I, with a ‘C’ (2.0) or better.

Special Conditions for Transfer Students:

It is recommended that a transfer student take RES 2000: Information and Research – Concepts and Techniques (1 unit) during their first semester at Dominican.

Course that Fulfills the Requirement:

RES 2000: Information and Research – Concepts and Techniques (1 unit) with a grade of ‘C’ (2.0) or better

Student Learning Outcomes:

The student will demonstrate the ability to:

1. Describe his/her information needs and build search strategies using keywords and subject terms.
2. Identify and locate appropriate print and electronic resources to fulfill information needs.
3. Evaluate both individual resources and search strategies for suitability and usefulness.
4. Indicate the sources of information through in-text and bibliographic citation, recognize and avoid plagiarism in quotations in paraphrasing, and gain an awareness of the barriers to information access.

6. Speech and Rhetoric (3 units)

Theory, practice, and evaluation of oral communication. Practice in selection, development, organization, and presentation of ideas in informative and persuasive discourse with attention to ethical responsibility. Study also involves communication in different interpersonal contexts: dyads, interviews, and exercises in listening and speaking intended to develop competence in oral communication. Gender, interracial, and cross-cultural communication patterns will be addressed.

Course that Fulfills the Requirement:
COMM 1200: Speech and Rhetoric (3 units).

Student Learning Outcomes:
The students will demonstrate:

1. The analytic, organizational, and presentation skills to speak effectively in a variety of ways: discussions, presentations, interviews, and oral interpretation readings.
2. Listening skills that enable them to critically analyze oral presentations and discourse.
3. An understanding of the role of gender, race, and cultural values, beliefs, customs, and attitudes in verbal and non-verbal communication patterns.
   
   

7. Quantitative Reasoning (3 or 4 units)

The primary goal of the quantitative reasoning requirement is to help students develop certain general intellectual mathematical abilities as well as see mathematics as an enriching and empowering discipline. Students will undertake practices that encourage independent, non-trivial exploration in mathematics and that develop tenacity and confidence in their abilities to use it. In the courses below, students will address practical mathematical problems posed by real-world situations and will regularly apply inductive and deductive reasoning techniques to build convincing arguments.

Math Placement Policy:

See Proficiency/Placement Examinations section of this Catalog.

Math Prerequisite Policy:

In order to enroll in MATH 1400: College Algebra (required of biology majors) students must pass:

• MATH 1300: Intermediate Algebra for University Students (3 units) with a grade of ‘C’ (2.0) or better or obtain an appropriate placement test score.
• or pass MATH 1210: Elementary and Intermediate Algebra for University Students (4 units) with a grade of ‘C’ (2.0) or better, or obtain an appropriate placement test score.
  

In order to enroll in MATH 1450: Mathematical Thinking and Quantitative Reasoning (4 units) or PSY 3187: Statistics for the Health and Behavioral Sciences (4 units) students must pass (or transfer in a comparable course):

• MATH 1300: Intermediate Algebra for University Students (3 units) with a grade of ‘C’ (2.0) or better, or obtain an appropriate placement test score
  
• or pass MATH 1210: Elementary and Intermediate Algebra for University Students (4 units) with a grade of ‘C’ (2.0) or better, or obtain an appropriate placement test score.
  

In order to enroll in PSY 3187: Grade ‘C’ (2.0) or better in MATH 1300: Intermediate Algebra (or comparable transfer course), or MATH 1210: Elementary and Intermediate Algebra for University Students, or appropriate placement score.

Courses that Fulfill Requirement:
MATH 1400: College Algebra (3 units) or
MATH 1450: Mathematical Thinking and Quantitative Reasoning (4 units) or
PSY 3187: Statistics for the Health and Behavioral Sciences (4 units) (Nursing, Occupational Therapy, and Psychology majors only) or
AP exam score of 4 or 5 in Calculus or Statistics or
CLEP exam passing score in Mathematics, College Algebra, Calculus, or Trigonometry.

Student Learning Outcomes:

MATH 1400: College Algebra (3 units)
The student will demonstrate:

1. The ability to analyze, quantify, and interpret quantitative information using numerical, graphical, and analytical techniques.
2. An understanding of the fundamental concepts underlying algebra including rational equations and inequalities, rational expressions, algebraic application problems, and polynomial, rational, logarithmic and exponential functions.
3. An understanding of practical applications of all of these types of functions.

MATH 1450: Mathematical Thinking and Quantitative Reasoning (4 units)
The student will demonstrate:

1. An ability to tell the difference between deductive and inductive reasoning and an ability to construct valid deductive arguments.
2. Reasoning and drawing conclusions from numerical information.
3. The ability to translate problem situations into symbolic representations and use those representations to solve problems.
4. An understanding of the concept of a function graphically and symbolically and an incorporation of it into their use of mathematics.

PSY 3187: Statistics for the Health and Behavioral Sciences (4 units)
The student will demonstrate:

1. The ability to summarize, organize, and display quantitative information.
2. The ability to interpret the results of various statistical procedures and to distinguish between valid and invalid conclusions that might be drawn from such data.
3. Understanding of topics in probability such as random sampling, sampling distributions, sample variability, and random error which underlie the use of inferential statistics.
4. An understanding of the logic underlying the testing of statistical hypotheses and to deduce appropriate data analyses for evaluating such hypotheses.
5. The ability to apply the course subject matter to a variety of real-world issues and problems related both to their chosen disciplines and their everyday lives.

8. Social Science (3 units)

The disciplines of social science investigate the thought and behavior of human individuals and groups as cultural contexts and social environments condition it. The aim of social science inquiry is to gather empirical evidence regarding, and to develop theories explaining, human thought, action, and interaction.

Courses that fulfill the requirement:
Business 1000: Economics for Managers - Macro Theory and Applications (3 units) or
Politics 1010: Introduction to the Study of Politics (3 units) or
Psychology 1100: Introduction to Psychology (3 units) or
Social and Cultural Studies 1001: Introduction to Sociology (3 units) or
Social and Cultural Studies 1002: Cultural Anthropology (3 units)

Student Learning Outcomes:

The student will demonstrate:

1. Comprehension of the method(s) used by the particular social science under study.
2. Comprehension and application of at least three theories used to understand human behavior in the social science discipline under study.
3. Comprehension of the similarities and differences among the social sciences with respect to their methods of study and their theories of human behavior.
   
   

9. Natural Science (3-4 units)

The natural science requirement prepares the student to understand the importance of science in today's world by completing either requirement A or requirement B, depending on the student's major.

Requirement A: Ecological principles involved in human relations to and interaction with the environment with the goal of exploring ethical and sustainable use of global resources. (Most students)
or

Requirement B: Biological and chemical principles involved in the functioning of the human body in health and disease with the goal of understanding the challenges society faces in the realm of human research. (Only for students majoring in biology, dance, nursing, occupational therapy, or psychology)

Special Conditions:
All courses that meet this requirement must involve lab or field work.

Courses that Fulfill Requirement A:
ENST 2100: Birds and the Environment (3 units) or
ENST 2000: Environmental Issues (3 units) or
ENST 3000: Environmental Chemistry (3 units) Prerequisite: CHEM 2000 or the equivalent with a grade of 'C' (2.0) or better or
PHSC 2200: Earth Science (3 units) or
PHSC 2300: Physical Geology (3 units)

Student Learning Outcomes for Requirement A:

Students will demonstrate:

1. An understanding of the structure and function of an ecosystem.
2. An ability to formulate a cogent argument, both pro and con, regarding an environmental issue.
3. An understanding and use of sustainability practices in regulating human impact on the environment.
4. An understanding of the scientific method and how scientific advancement occurs.

Courses that Fulfill Requirement B:
(These courses are exclusively for majors in biology, dance, nursing, occupational therapy, and psychology.)

BIO 2500: Human Anatomy (4 units) or
BIO 2600: Human Physiology (4 units) Prerequisite: BIO 2600: Human Anatomy or
BIO 3600: Microbiology (4 units) Prerequisite: beginning chemistry course.

Student Learning Outcomes for Requirement B:

The student will demonstrate:

1. An understanding of aspects of anatomy and/or physiology of the human body.
2. An ability to distinguish physiological/morphological differences regarding health and disease and how health can be promoted.
3. An ability to formulate ethical arguments regarding research in the area of human biology and an understanding of the scientific method and how it is used in bio-research.
   
   

10. Creative and Performing Arts (3 units)

The experience and growth of one's own creativity through the actual process of making art through studio work, creative writing, performing arts, or music. The creative process should include the use of problem solving and methodology, personal experience, reflection and invention.

Courses that will fulfill the requirement:

Courses from the departments of Art, Literature and Language, or Music that are listed as fulfilling the Creative or Performing Arts requirement. See each semester's Course Schedule for this listing.

Student Learning Outcomes:

The student will demonstrate:

1. An understanding of the basic elements and methods of the genre of artistic expression under study.
2. The ability to apply these elements and methods in the creation of individual works in this artistic genre.
3. The ability to use and understand problem-solving methods, including research, development and synthesis, as necessary components of creative thinking and the creative process.
   
   

11. Moral Philosophy/Ethics (3 units)

Practicing the art of clear and cogent reasoning in the critical analysis of various moral positions and arguments on a variety of contemporary ethical issues.

Courses that Fulfill the Requirement:
PHIL 1108/3108: Ethics (3 units)
PHIL 1109/3109: Ethics in Healthcare (3 units)
HUM/PHIL 3510: Self, Community, and Service - Modern Identity and Moral Meaning (3 units)
HUM/PHIL 3520: Self, Community, and Service - Ethics of Love and Moral Responsibility (3 units)
HONO 3500: Self, Community, and Service - Ethical Theory and Practice (3 units)  Honors Program students only.

Student Learning Outcomes:

The student will demonstrate:

1. An ability to identify, display sensitivity to, and clarify their thoughts on contemporary ethical issues, both public and personal.
2. A comprehension of at least two major ethical theories.
3. An ability to evaluate critically ethical theories and arguments.
   
   

12. Religion (6 units)

Sustained engagement with the questions of God, social betterment, and individual human fulfillment through the study of Biblical literature, Christian theology and social justice ideals, and/or the world's major religious traditions.

Special Conditions:

Of the 6 units (2 courses) required, 3 units must be taken in the Judeo-Christian tradition, and 3 must be taken at the upper division level (3000 or above).

Special Conditions for Transfer Students:

Students transferring 45 units of applicable and transferable coursework prior to matriculation need only 3 units of religion and it must be an upper division Judeo-Christian course.

Courses that Fulfill the Requirement:
Many courses in Religion will meet this requirement. For Judeo-Christian designation and upper division status of Religion courses, see each semester's Course Schedule.

Note: RLGN 3178: The World’s Religions does not meet the Day GE Religion requirement.  However, if a student has previously taken a World Religions course elsewhere, prior to matriculation, that course may be approved to meet the non-Judeo-Christian Religion requirement by special authorization. 

Student Learning Outcomes:

The student will demonstrate:

1. Awareness of the fundamental spiritual questions of life and of their own theological and ethical assumptions by reflecting upon and demonstrating comprehension of major features of the Judaeo-Christian tradition (e.g., historical origins, concepts of God, central assumptions about human life and fulfillment, key themes) or similar features in the other major religious traditions of the world.
   
   

13. Cultural Heritage Colloquium (CHC) (9 units)

Three interrelated 3-unit courses taken over a period of two semesters, and investigating a particular era, theme, or geographical area.

GE Prerequisites:

Satisfactory completion of ENGL 1004: Expository Writing is required prior to enrollment in the CHC program. Satisfactory completion of ENGL 3200: Advanced Writing and Research and RES 2000: Information and Research is recommended.

Special Conditions:

Limited to juniors and seniors, with the exception of occupational therapy and liberal studies students.

Special Conditions for Transfer Students:

Students who transfer to Dominican may satisfy the General Education Colloquium requirement in one of the following ways:

1. Students transferring 0-44 units of applicable and transferable coursework prior to matriculation require 9 units to satisfy the Colloquium requirement and must take the full colloquium at Dominican.
2. Students transferring 45-69 units of applicable and transferable coursework prior to matriculation require 6 units to satisfy the Colloquium requirement.
3. Students transferring 70 or more units of applicable and transferable coursework prior to matriculation require 3 units to satisfy the Colloquium requirement.
4. At the time of matriculation the transcript evaluator will allow courses from art history, history, humanities, history of music, history of art, history of science, philosophy, political philosophy, and literature to count toward satisfaction of the requirement. "Introduction to" - courses do not count (example, Introduction to Political Science, Introduction to Sociology, etc.). Social science classes cannot be used to fulfill this requirement but can be used to satisfy the social science area of GE.
5. Students may matriculate with Requirement Met under all categories above.
6. Students who have coursework to complete to satisfy the Colloquium requirement must take these units at Dominican. Students who study abroad during their junior/senior years may develop a colloquium abroad with approval of the Director of the General Education Program.
7. Advisors will help transfer students who do not need the full 9-unit Colloquium to make appropriate choices of classes to fulfill the Cultural Heritage Colloquium requirement.
8. Honors Program students will take Colloquia developed specifically for the Honors Program.  See Honors Director for selection of courses.
   
   

Courses that Fulfill the Requirement:
Cultural Heritage Colloquia vary from year to year. See the Schedule of Courses for CHC offerings. Colloquia vary in their pattern of course offerings. A fall-spring CHC may be offered with 1 course in the fall followed by 2 courses in the spring, or begin with 2 courses in the fall followed by one in the spring. Spring-fall Colloquia are also given that begin in the spring semester and continue into the fall. Enrollment in all courses in a Colloquium is required for credit to be assigned for completing this GE category. Students may not take some courses from one Colloquium and some from another to meet the 9-unit requirement.

Examples of Colloquia are:

• Images of Jesus through the Centuries and Today
• A Splendid Passage to India
• China and India: Art, Revolution and Globalization
• Religion and Empire: Romans, Christians, and Muslims
• The Middle Ages
• 19th Century: Reformers, Writers, and Artists
• California: The Golden Dream
• The Universe Story
• The Person and Society: Women Artists, Political Activists, and Female Identity
• Latin America: History, Literature, and Language
• Honors: Radical Response: Moral Protest in a Changing World
• Honors: Home and Away: Art, History and Literature during the Age of Empire
  

Student Learning Outcomes:

The student will demonstrate:

1. An integrated, interdisciplinary understanding of the topic of their colloquium; that is, he/she will, in writing or orally, be able to discuss some important colloquium idea in a fashion that draws upon the perspectives and content of at least two colloquium disciplines.

Taking General Education Courses Off Campus

Once a student has matriculated, he/she must complete the General Education Program as outlined above. Students must obtain permission to take a General Education course off campus and must fill out an Authorization to Take a Class Off Campus form. Courses taken off campus must be comparable in course content to those required by the University. A day student must complete the following courses at Dominican: First Year Foundations, ENGL 1004, ENGL 3200, RES 2000, Cultural Heritage Colloquium courses. Pathways students must take Foundations, ENGL 1004 (if required), ENGL 3200 or ENGL 3442, RES 2000, and interdisciplinary study classes on campus.

Last updated: Aug 25, 2006.